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UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO POWER PLANTS AND BOILERS
INTRODUCTION • Power plants is an assembly of equipments that generates and delivers electrical energy by using the available energy. • Electricity in bulk quantities is produced in power plants, which can be of the following types: a) Thermal b) Nuclear c) Hydraulic d) Gas Turbine and e) Geothermal, f) Diesel, etc
STEAM POWER PLANT • Thermal power plant mainly consists of following four main circuits 1. Coal and ash circuits 2. Air and flue gas circuits 3. Feed water and steam flow circuit 4. Cooling water circuit
LAYOUT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
Largest thermal power plant in India • Mundra Thermal Power Station located in the Kutch district of Gujarat, produce 4,620MW.
THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN TAMILNADU • • • •
Neyveli Thermal Power Station 1,970MW Tuticorin Thermal Power Station 1050MW Neyveli Thermal Power Station 1020MW North Chennai Thermal Power Station, Athipattu 630MW • Mettur Thermal Power Station, Salem 840MW • Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore 450MW • Neyveli Zero Lignite Power Station, Cuddalore 250MW
HYDRO ELECRTIC POWER PLANT • COMPONENTS : – Water Receiver – Dam – Spillway – Pressure Tunnel – Penstock – Forebay – Surge Tank
– Water Turbine – Draft Tube – Tail Race
LAYOUT OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
METTUR DAM
DIESEL POWER PLANT • COMPONENTS: – Diesel Engine – Air Filter And Super Charger – Engine Starting System – Fuel System – Lubricating System – Cooling System – Governing System – Exhaust System
LAYOUT OF DIESEL POWER PLANT
MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMIC (MHD) POWER GENERATION Magneto Hydro Dynamic (MHD) system is a nonconventional source of energy which is based upon Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states that energy is generated due to the movement of an electric conductor inside a magnetic field.
Principle Of MHD Power Generation Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction : When an electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, an emf is induced in it, which produces an electric current .
Types of MHD SYSTEM (1)Open cycle System (2)Closed cycle System (i)Seeded inert gas systems (ii) Liquid metal systems
OPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
CLOSED CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN CYCLE AND CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM Open Cycle System • Working fluid after generating electrical energy is discharged to the atmosphere through a stack . • Operation of MHD generator is done directly on combustion products . • Temperature requirement : 2300˚C to 2700˚C. • More developed.
Closed Cycle System • Working fluid is recycled to the heat sources and thus is used again. • Helium or argon(with cesium seeding) is used as the working fluid. • Temperature requirement : about 530˚C. • Less developed.
ADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEM • Conversion efficiency of about 50% . • Less fuel consumption. • Large amount of pollution free power generated .
• Ability to reach full power level as soon as started. • Plant size is considerably smaller than conventional fossil fuel plants . • Less overall generation cost. • No moving parts, so more reliable .
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT Nuclear Fission And Chain Reaction
COMPONENTS OF NUCLEAR PLANT – Fuel – Nuclear Reactor – Steam Generator – Moderator – Reflector – Turbine – Control Rods – Coolant Pump and Feed Pump – Shielding
Layout of Nuclear power plant
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN INDIA • Tarapur Atomic Power plant, Tarapur Thane Maharashtra 1,400MW • Kudankulam Nuclear Power plant, Kudankulam Tirunelveli Tamil 1,000MW • Madras Atomic Power plant, Kalpakkam Kancheepuram TamilNadu 440MW.
Kudankulam nuclear power plant
Gas turbine power plant • Main components – Air compressors – Inter cooler – Regenerator – Combustion chamber – Gas turbine
Layout of gas turbine power plant
VALUTHUR GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
Combined power cycles • Purpose: – To increase the efficiency and – To reduce the fuel
COMBINED GAS TURBINE AND STEAM TURBINE POWER PLANT
Combined power plant at Doswell, Virginia, USA
Combined Steam and Gas Power Plant
COMBINED MHD –STEAM POWER PLANT
selection of power plants General consideration 1. distance from the load centre 2. availability of water 3. overall plant cost 4. efficiency and capacity of the plant 5. distance from population area Specific considerations 1. ash disposal facilities 2. storage of water 3. fuel transportation 4. waste disposal and safeguard for nuclear plants.
Load curves Load curve is the graphical representation showing the load demand for every instant during particular time interval
Load duration curves Load duration curve is represent the rearrangement of all load elements of load curve in order of decreasing magnitude
STEAM BOILERS • A boiler is a closed vessel in which steam is generated from the water by applying heat. • Classifications – Fire tube boiler • Hot gas – passes through the tubes • Water – circulates around the tubes – Cochran boiler, locomotive boiler.
– Water tube boiler • Water – circulates through the tubes • Hot gas – pass around the tubes – Babcock and Wilcox boiler
High pressure boilers • Generate steam 30 to 1600 tonnes per hour • Pressure up to 210 bar • Temperature 6500c • • • •
1. La-mont boiler 2. loeffer boiler 3. benson boiler 4. velox boiler
LA-MONT BOILER • Components – Steam separator drum – Water circulating pump – Distributing header – Evaporator – Convention super heater – Economizer – Air preheater
LA-MONT BOILER
LOEFFLER BOILER • components – Economizer – Evaporator drum – Mixing nozzles – Steam separator pump – Radiant super heater – Convection super heator
LOEFFLER BOILER
BENSON BOILER • Components – Economizer – Radiant Evaporator – Convention evaporator – Convention super heater
BENSON BOILER
VELOX BOILER • Components – Economizer – Axial flow compressor – Water circulating pump – Convection super heater
VELOX BOILER
FLUIDIZED BED BOILERS
Circulating fluidized bed boiler
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Boiler
Thank you
INTRODUCTION • Power plants is an assembly of equipments that generates and delivers electrical energy by using the available energy. • Electricity in bulk quantities is produced in power plants, which can be of the following types: a) Thermal b) Nuclear c) Hydraulic d) Gas Turbine and e) Geothermal, f) Diesel, etc
STEAM POWER PLANT • Thermal power plant mainly consists of following four main circuits 1. Coal and ash circuits 2. Air and flue gas circuits 3. Feed water and steam flow circuit 4. Cooling water circuit
LAYOUT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
Largest thermal power plant in India • Mundra Thermal Power Station located in the Kutch district of Gujarat, produce 4,620MW.
THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN TAMILNADU • • • •
Neyveli Thermal Power Station 1,970MW Tuticorin Thermal Power Station 1050MW Neyveli Thermal Power Station 1020MW North Chennai Thermal Power Station, Athipattu 630MW • Mettur Thermal Power Station, Salem 840MW • Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore 450MW • Neyveli Zero Lignite Power Station, Cuddalore 250MW
HYDRO ELECRTIC POWER PLANT • COMPONENTS : – Water Receiver – Dam – Spillway – Pressure Tunnel – Penstock – Forebay – Surge Tank
– Water Turbine – Draft Tube – Tail Race
LAYOUT OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
METTUR DAM
DIESEL POWER PLANT • COMPONENTS: – Diesel Engine – Air Filter And Super Charger – Engine Starting System – Fuel System – Lubricating System – Cooling System – Governing System – Exhaust System
LAYOUT OF DIESEL POWER PLANT
MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMIC (MHD) POWER GENERATION Magneto Hydro Dynamic (MHD) system is a nonconventional source of energy which is based upon Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states that energy is generated due to the movement of an electric conductor inside a magnetic field.
Principle Of MHD Power Generation Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction : When an electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, an emf is induced in it, which produces an electric current .
Types of MHD SYSTEM (1)Open cycle System (2)Closed cycle System (i)Seeded inert gas systems (ii) Liquid metal systems
OPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
CLOSED CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN CYCLE AND CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM Open Cycle System • Working fluid after generating electrical energy is discharged to the atmosphere through a stack . • Operation of MHD generator is done directly on combustion products . • Temperature requirement : 2300˚C to 2700˚C. • More developed.
Closed Cycle System • Working fluid is recycled to the heat sources and thus is used again. • Helium or argon(with cesium seeding) is used as the working fluid. • Temperature requirement : about 530˚C. • Less developed.
ADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEM • Conversion efficiency of about 50% . • Less fuel consumption. • Large amount of pollution free power generated .
• Ability to reach full power level as soon as started. • Plant size is considerably smaller than conventional fossil fuel plants . • Less overall generation cost. • No moving parts, so more reliable .
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT Nuclear Fission And Chain Reaction
COMPONENTS OF NUCLEAR PLANT – Fuel – Nuclear Reactor – Steam Generator – Moderator – Reflector – Turbine – Control Rods – Coolant Pump and Feed Pump – Shielding
Layout of Nuclear power plant
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN INDIA • Tarapur Atomic Power plant, Tarapur Thane Maharashtra 1,400MW • Kudankulam Nuclear Power plant, Kudankulam Tirunelveli Tamil 1,000MW • Madras Atomic Power plant, Kalpakkam Kancheepuram TamilNadu 440MW.
Kudankulam nuclear power plant
Gas turbine power plant • Main components – Air compressors – Inter cooler – Regenerator – Combustion chamber – Gas turbine
Layout of gas turbine power plant
VALUTHUR GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
Combined power cycles • Purpose: – To increase the efficiency and – To reduce the fuel
COMBINED GAS TURBINE AND STEAM TURBINE POWER PLANT
Combined power plant at Doswell, Virginia, USA
Combined Steam and Gas Power Plant
COMBINED MHD –STEAM POWER PLANT
selection of power plants General consideration 1. distance from the load centre 2. availability of water 3. overall plant cost 4. efficiency and capacity of the plant 5. distance from population area Specific considerations 1. ash disposal facilities 2. storage of water 3. fuel transportation 4. waste disposal and safeguard for nuclear plants.
Load curves Load curve is the graphical representation showing the load demand for every instant during particular time interval
Load duration curves Load duration curve is represent the rearrangement of all load elements of load curve in order of decreasing magnitude
STEAM BOILERS • A boiler is a closed vessel in which steam is generated from the water by applying heat. • Classifications – Fire tube boiler • Hot gas – passes through the tubes • Water – circulates around the tubes – Cochran boiler, locomotive boiler.
– Water tube boiler • Water – circulates through the tubes • Hot gas – pass around the tubes – Babcock and Wilcox boiler
High pressure boilers • Generate steam 30 to 1600 tonnes per hour • Pressure up to 210 bar • Temperature 6500c • • • •
1. La-mont boiler 2. loeffer boiler 3. benson boiler 4. velox boiler
LA-MONT BOILER • Components – Steam separator drum – Water circulating pump – Distributing header – Evaporator – Convention super heater – Economizer – Air preheater
LA-MONT BOILER
LOEFFLER BOILER • components – Economizer – Evaporator drum – Mixing nozzles – Steam separator pump – Radiant super heater – Convection super heator
LOEFFLER BOILER
BENSON BOILER • Components – Economizer – Radiant Evaporator – Convention evaporator – Convention super heater
BENSON BOILER
VELOX BOILER • Components – Economizer – Axial flow compressor – Water circulating pump – Convection super heater
VELOX BOILER
FLUIDIZED BED BOILERS
Circulating fluidized bed boiler
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Boiler
Thank you
Public | |
Traded as | NYSE: BW Russell 2000 Index component |
---|---|
ISIN | |
Industry |
|
Founded | 1867; 153 years ago in Providence, Rhode Island |
Founders | |
Headquarters | Akron, Ohio , |
Area served | Worldwide |
| |
Products |
|
Revenue | US$1.6 billion (2015) |
US$21.9 million (2015) | |
US$19.3 million (2015) | |
Total assets | US$1.7 billion (2015) |
Total equity | US$748.4 million (2015) |
4,000 (2018) | |
Website | www.babcock.com |
Footnotes / references [1] |
Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises Inc. (NYSE: BW), originally Babcock, Wilcox & Company and then The Babcock & Wilcox Company, is a global leader in advanced energy and environmental technologies and services for the power, renewable and industrial markets. B&W is headquartered in Akron, Ohio.
Historically, the company is best known for their steam boilers and later as a provider of emissions control equipment, waste-to-energy facilities and aftermarket parts and services for a host of industries.
Background[edit]
The company was founded in 1867 in Providence, Rhode Island by partners Stephen Wilcox and George Babcock to manufacture and market Wilcox’s patented water-tube boiler.[2] B&W's list of innovations and firsts include the world’s first installed utility boiler (1881); manufacture of boilers to power New York City’s first subway (1902); first pulverized coal power plant (1918); design and manufacture of components for USS Nautilus, the world’s first nuclear-powered submarine (1953–55); the first supercritical pressure coal-fired boiler (1957); design and supply of reactors for the first U.S. built nuclear-powered surface ship, NS Savannah (1961).[3]
The company provided design, engineering, manufacturing, construction and facilities management services to nuclear, renewable, fossil power, industrial and government customers worldwide. B&W's boilers supply more than 300,000 megawatts of installed capacity in over 90 countries around the world. During World War II, over half of the US Navy fleet was powered by Babcock & Wilcox boilers.
The company has its headquarters in Akron, Ohio. It has major operations in Lancaster, Ohio; Cambridge, Ontario Canada; Esbjerg, Denmark; and Paruzzaro, Italy.[4]
On June 30, 2015, Babcock & Wilcox completed a spinoff from BWX Technologies, its former parent company. The two companies began trading separately on July 1.[5]
B&W employs approximately 4,000 people.[4]
![Babcock And Wilcox Boiler Ppt Babcock And Wilcox Boiler Ppt](http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DkSkRpFUe1E/Tyk_vLfaamI/AAAAAAAAAb8/QcdpMw__eAg/s1600/babcock-and-wilcox-boiler.gif)
B&W relocated its corporate headquarters from Barberton, Ohio to Akron, Ohio on December 30, 2019.
The Babcock & Wilcox Company[edit]
The Babcock & Wilcox nuclear steam generator is seen at the company's plant at Barberton, Ohio prior to shipment via the Penn Central Railroad to a Duke Energy site in Oconee, S.C. This generator can convert more than 10,000,000 lb (4,536,000 kg) of water per hour into steam.
Babcock & Wilcox (B&W) is based in Akron, Ohio and provides engineering, design, construction and manufacturing services to the fossil and renewable power generation sectors and to heavy industry worldwide. B&W and its subsidiaries have facilities in Ohio; Wisconsin; Arona, Italy; Beijing, China; Esbjerg, Denmark; and technology licensees around the world.[6]
History[edit]
![Babcock Babcock](/uploads/1/2/6/4/126486019/129725725.jpg)
The old B&W company logo, showing the world as an Aeolipile.
Babcock & Wilcox began in 1867 with one patent. When Stephen Wilcox first avowed that “there must be a better way” to safely generate power, he and George Babcock responded with the design for the first inherently safe water-tube boiler.
Babcock & Wilcox Co. works, Bayonne, New Jersey, circa 1919
1913 Babcock & Wilcox boiler section
- In 1867, Providence, Rhode Island, residents Stephen Wilcox and his partner George Herman Babcock patented the Babcock & Wilcox Non-Explosive Boiler, which used water filled tubes and de-nucleate boiling to generate steam more safely than either under-fire or fire-tube boilers. The boilers more safely generated higher pressure steam and was more efficient (as an energy to steam converter) than existing designs.[7]
- In 1891, Babcock & Wilcox Ltd is established as a separate United Kingdom company, to be responsible for all sales outside the US and Cuba.[8]
- In 1898, Robert Jurenka and Alois Seidl signed an agreement with the British division of Babcock & Wilcox Ltd to make the Berlin, Germany Babcock sales office into a subsidiary of the British company; a factory in Oberhausen in the Ruhr district made the boiler designed by the American engineers.[9]
- In 1902 the New York City's first subway is powered by B&W boilers.[10]
- During 1907 and 1909 Theodore Roosevelt's Great White Fleet were powered by B&W Boilers.
- In 1923 both Babcock & Wilcox Ltd and The Babcock & Wilcox Company buy into The Goldie & McCulloch Company Ltd of Cambridge, Ontario, to form Babcock-Wilcox & Goldie-McCulloch Ltd in Canada.[11]
- In 1929 B&W installs the world's first commercial size recovery boiler using the magnesiumbisulfite process in Quebec, Canada.[12]
- Between 1941 and 1945 B&W designed and delivered 4,100 marine boilers for combat and merchant ships, including 95 percent of the US fleet in Tokyo Bay at Japanese surrender.
- In 1942, the company developed the cyclone furnace.
- Between 1943 and 1945 B&W provided components, materials and process development for Manhattan Project.[7]
- Between 1949 and 1952 B&W provided the 8 boilers for the SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever constructed.
- Between 1953 and 1955 B&W designed and fabricated components for USS Nautilus(SSN-571), world’s first nuclear-powered submarine.
- In 1961 B&W designed and supplied reactors for world’s first commercial nuclear ship NS Savannah.
- In 1962 B&W designed and furnished reactor systems for B&W's first commercial reactor, Indian Point, using HEU 233.
- In 1967 the name of Babcock-Wilcox & Goldie-McCulloch Ltd is changed to Babcock & Wilcox Canada Ltd.[11]
- In 1975 B&W designed and built components for liquid metal fast breeder reactors.
- In 1975 the long term business agreements with the British Babcock & Wilcox Ltd were ended. Subsequently, the British company was renamed Babcock International Group plc.
- In 1978 B&W designed and built the nuclear reactor that was involved in the Three Mile Island accident.
- In 1999 B&W was awarded the contract to develop fuel cells and steam reforming for US Navy.
- On February 22, 2000, B&W filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in part as a result of thousands of claims for personal injury due to prolonged exposure to asbestos and asbestos fibers. Claims included asbestosis, lung cancer, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma. As a condition of emerging from bankruptcy, B&W created a trust fund to compensate victims, but for amounts far less than settlements paid in individual personal injury lawsuits.[13]
- After B&W emerged from bankruptcy in 2006, B&W and BWX Technologies, both subsidiaries of the McDermott International, Inc., merged on 26 November 2007 to form The Babcock & Wilcox Companies, headed by President John Fees. The old company logo was changed.
- On June 10, 2009, B&W unveiled B&W Modular Nuclear Energy, LLC (B&W MNE).[14] On the same day, B&W MNE announced its plans to design and develop the B&W mPower reactor, a modular, scalable nuclear reactor. The B&W mPower reactor design is a 125 megawatt, passively safe Advanced Light Water Reactor (ALWR) (a Generation III reactor) with a below-ground containment structure.[15] The reactor is set to be manufactured in a factory, shipped by rail, then buried underground.[16][17]
- On May 12, 2010, B&W announced that it and its subsidiaries would be spun off from its parent company, McDermott International, Inc.[18] The headquarters moved from Lynchburg, Virginia to Charlotte.[19] and the company became The Babcock & Wilcox Company.
- On August 2, 2010, B&W began trading on the New York Stock Exchange as BWC.[20]
- On July 1, 2015, Babcock & Wilcox and BWX Technologies, its former parent headquartered in Lynchburg, Virginia, began trading separately.[5]
- On September 24, 2018, Babcock & Wilcox announced that it would move its corporate headquarters from Charlotte to Akron, Ohio into space formerly occupied by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company prior to its move to a new building nearby.
- On December 30, 2019, Babcock & Wilcox relocated its corporate headquarters from Barberton, Ohio to Akron, Ohio.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc. (25 February 2016). 'Form 10-K 2015'. SEC EDGAR. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
- ^'The Babcock & Wilcox Company'. Encyclopedia.com. Thomson Gale. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^Steam/its generation and use, 41st Edition
- ^ abhttp://pdf.secdatabase.com/917/0001193125-12-089188.pdf
- ^ abDowney, John (July 1, 2015). 'Babcock & Wilcox completes spinoff; two independent companies begin public trading'. Charlotte Business Journal. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^Power Generation for the FutureArchived September 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ab'About B&W - History'. Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-01.
- ^'Records of Babcock International Group plcArchived 2012-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.' Glasgow University Archive Services
- ^'Deutsche Babcock AG--Company History'. fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ^'Records of Babcock International Group plc, boiler makers and engineers, England'. Archived from the original on 2012-12-23. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ^ ab'History'. www.babcock.com. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
- ^'B&W Power Generation Group: Company History'. Archived from the original on 2008-02-06. Retrieved 2009-04-01.
- ^http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Babcock+&+Wilcox+Bankruptcy+Reorganization+Bar+Date+Notice+and+Claims...-a067463016Babcock & Wilcox Bankruptcy Reorganization Bar Date Notice and Claims Process Begins; Includes Apollo and Parks Township, Pennsylvania Nuclear Contamination And Radiation Claims
- ^Babcock & Wilcox plans modular reactorArchived June 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^B&W unveils modular nuclear power design
- ^DiSavino, Scott (Jun 10, 2009). 'McDermott B&W unit unveils small nuclear reactor'. Reuters. Retrieved Jun 10, 2009.
- ^Katherine Ling and GreenWire (June 10, 2009). 'Company Calls New Small Nuclear Reactor a 'Game Changer''. New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2009.
- ^Gentry, B.:http://www2.newsadvance.com/lna/business/local/article/fees_bw_spinoff_aiming_for_june_30_completion/26899/[permanent dead link], The News & Advance, May 12, 2010
- ^Peralta, Katherine (June 9, 2015). 'Babcock & Wilcox approves spinoff, sets split date for July 1'. The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved July 3, 2015.
- ^'The Babcock & Wilcox Company Begins Trading Today on the New York Stock Exchange'. BUSINESS WIRE. Aug 2, 2010. Retrieved Aug 4, 2010.
External links[edit]
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